Markdown菜鸟教程

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Markdown菜鸟教程

Author：Yuan’s Q

[TOC]

一、字体、格式类

1.1字体与颜色设置

浅红色文字：浅红色文字： 深红色文字：深红色文字 浅绿色文字：浅绿色文字 深绿色文字：深绿色文字 浅蓝色文字：浅蓝色文字 深蓝色文字：深蓝色文字 浅黄色文字：浅黄色文字 深黄色文字：深黄色文字 浅青色文字：浅青色文字 深青色文字：深青色文字 浅紫色文字：浅紫色文字 深紫色文字：深紫色文字

浅红色文字：浅红色文字：深红色文字：深红色文字浅绿色文字：浅绿色文字深绿色文字：深绿色文字浅蓝色文字：浅蓝色文字深蓝色文字：深蓝色文字浅黄色文字：浅黄色文字深黄色文字：深黄色文字浅青色文字：浅青色文字深青色文字：深青色文字浅紫色文字：浅紫色文字深紫色文字：深紫色文字

二、大小

size为1：size为1 size为2：size为2 size为3：size为3 size为4：size为4 size为10：size为10 123456

size为1：size为1size为2：size为2size为3：size为3size为4：size为4size为10：size为10

1.2标题与目录

1.2段落、间距设置

1.3超链接与参考文献

1.4插入外部数据（图片）

二、表格、区块、代码块

1.1 插入表格

1.2 插入代码块

区块

二、数学公式类 1.1 常用符号

1.To see how any formula was written in any question or answer, including this one, right-click on the expression it and choose “Show Math As > TeX Commands”. (When you do this, the ‘$’ will not display. Make sure you add these. See the next point.)

2.For inline formulas,enclose the formula in $...$. For display formulars,use** $$...$$.These render differently.For example,type$\\sum_{i=0}^n i^2=\\frac{(n^2+n)(2n+1)}{6}$to show (which is inline mode) or type$$\\sum_{i=0}^n i^2=\\frac{(n^2+n)(2n+1)}{6}$$

$$(which is display mode).

3.For Greek letters, use \\alpha, \\beta, …, \\omega: α,β,…ω. For uppercase, use \\Gamma, \\Delta, …, \\Omega: Γ,Δ,…,Ω.

若需要斜体，\\varSigma。

显示命令显示命令

	\\alpha		\\beta
	\\gamma		\\delta
	\\epsilon		\\zeta
	\\eta		\\theta
	\\iota		\\kappa
	\\lambda		\\mu
	\\nu		\\xi
	\\pi		\\rho
	\\sigma		\\tau
	\\upsilon		\\phi
	\\chi		\\psi
	\\omega

4.For superscripts and subscripts, use ^ and _. For example,x_i^2: , \\log_2 x: $log2x $.

5.Groups. Superscripts, subscripts, and other operations apply only to the next “group”. A “group” is either a single symbol, or any formula surrounded by curly braces {…}. If you do 10^10, you will get a surprise: . But 10^{10} gives what you probably wanted: . Use curly braces to delimit a formula to which a superscript or subscript applies: x^5^6 is an error; {x^y}^z is , and x^{y^z} is . Observe the difference between x_i^2 and x_{i^2}.

6.Parentheses Ordinary symbols ()[] make parentheses and brackets (2+3)[4+4]. Use \\{ and \\} for curly braces {}.

These do not scale with the formula in between, so if you write (\\frac{\\sqrt x}{y^3}) the parentheses will be too small: . \\left(…\\right) will make the sizes adjust automatically to the formula they enclose: .\\left\\{x\\middle | \\frac{x^2}{2} \\in \\mathbb{z}\\right\\} ,f_{comp}(y_{obs},y_{mis})=f_m(y_{mis})\\cdot f_{o|m}(y_{obs},y_{mis})

\\left and \\right apply to all the following sorts of parenttheses:( and ) , | , \\vert ,\\Vert , \\langle and \\rangle $ \\left\\langle x \\right\\rangle$,\\lceil and \\rceil ,and \\lfoorandrfloor.\\middle can be used to add additional dividers.

There are also invisible parentheses, denoted by .: \\left.\\frac12\\right\\rbrace is .

If manual size adjustments are required: \\Biggl(\\biggl(\\Bigl(\\bigl((x)\\bigr)\\Bigr)\\biggr)\\Biggr) gives $\\Biggl(\\biggl(\\Bigl(\\bigl((x)\\bigr)\\Bigr)\\biggr)\\Biggr) $.

\\underbrace{a\\cdot a\\cdots a}_{b\\text{ times}} .

\\underset{j=1}{\\overset{\\infty}{\\LARGE\\mathrm K}}\\frac{a_j}{b_j}=\\cfrac{a_1}{b_1+\\cfrac{a_2}{b_2+\\cfrac{a_3}{b_3+\\ddots}}}

.

Use \\left and \\right to make braces - (round), [square] and {curly} - scale up to be the size of their arguments. Thus

$$ f\\left( \\left[ \\frac{ 1+\\left\\{x,y\\right\\} }{ \\left( \\frac{x}{y}+\\frac{y}{x} \\right) \\left(u+1\\right) }+a \\right]^{3/2} \\right) $$

$\\lim\\limits_{x \\to 1} \\frac{x^2-1}{x-1}$

$$ \\bbox[yellow,5px] { e^x=\\lim_{n\\to\\infty} \\left( 1+\\frac{x}{n} \\right)^n \\qquad (1) } $$

$$ \\bbox[yellow,5px]{e^x=\\lim_{n\\to\\infty} \\left( 1+\\frac{x}{n} \\right)^n\\qquad (1)}$$

$$ \\bbox[yellow,5px,border:2px solid red] { e^x=\\lim_{n\\to\\infty} \\left( 1+\\frac{x}{n} \\right)^n \\qquad (1) } $$

$$ \\bbox[yellow,5px,border:2px solid red]{e^x=\\lim_{n\\to\\infty} \\left( 1+\\frac{x}{n} \\right)^n\\qquad (1)}$$.

7.Sums and integrals \\sum and \\int; the subscript is the lower limit and the superscript is the upper limit, so for example \\sum_1^n . Don’t forget {…} if the limits are more than a single symbol. For example, \\sum_{i=0}^\\infty i^2 is . Similarly, \\prod , \\int \\bigcup , \\bigcap , \\iint , \\iiint.

8.Fractions There are two ways to make these. \\frac ab applies to the next two groups, and produces ab; for more complicated numerators and denominators use {…}: \\frac{a+1}{b+1} is . If the numerator and denominator are complicated, you may prefer \\over, which splits up the group that it is in: {a+1\\over b+1} is .

9.Fonts

Use \\mathbb or \\Bbb for “blackboard bold”: .
Use \\mathbf for boldface:
Use \\mathtt for “typewriter” font:
Use \\mathrm for roman font:
Use \\mathsf for sans-serif font:
Use \\mathcal for “calligraphic” letters:
Use \\mathscr for script letters: .
Use \\mathfrak for “Fraktur” (old German style) letters：

10.Radical signs Use sqrt, which adjusts to the size of its argument: \\sqrt{x^3} ; \\sqrt[3]{\\frac xy} . For complicated expressions, consider using {...}^{1/2} instead.

11.Some special functions such as “lim”, “sin”, “max”, “ln”, and so on are normally set in roman font instead of italic font. Use \\lim, \\sin, etc. to make these: \\sin x sinx, not sin x sinx. Use subscripts to attach a notation to \\lim: lim_{x\\to \\infty},.

12.There are a very large number of special symbols and notations, too many to list here; see this shorter listing, or this exhaustive listing. Some of the most common include:

\\lt \\gt \\le \\leq\\leqq \\leqslant \\ge \\geq \\geqq \\geqslant \\neq.You can use \\not to put a slash through almost anything:\\not\\ltbut it often looks bad.
\\times \\div \\pm \\mp .cdotis a centered dot:
\\cup \\cat \\setminus\\subset \\subseqeq \\subsetneq \\supset \\in \\notin \\emptyset \\varnothing.
{n+1 \\choose 2k} or \\binom{n+1}{2k}
\\to \\rightarrow \\leftarrow \\Rightarrow \\Leftarrow \\mapsto
\\land \\lor \\lnot \\forall \\exists \\top \\bot \\vdash \\vDash \\propto
\\star \\ast \\oplus \\otimes \\odot \\circ \\bullet
\\tilde{a} \\hat{a} \\vec{a} \\bar{a}
\\approx \\sim \\simeq \\cong \\equiv \\prec \\lhd .
\\infty \\aleph_0 \\nabla \\partial\\frac{y}{x} \\Im \\Re
For modular equivalence, use \\pmod like this: a\\equiv b\\pmod n
\\ldots is the dots in cdots is the dots in .

13.Spaces MathJax usually decides for itself how to space formulas, using a complex set of rules. Putting extra literal spaces into formulas will not change the amount of space MathJax puts in: a␣b and a␣␣␣␣b are both . To add more space, use \\, for a thin space ; \\; for a wider space . \\quad and \\qquad are large spaces: , .

14.Accents and diacritical marks Use \\hat for a single symbol , \\widehat for a larger formula . If you make it too wide, it will look silly. Similarly, there are \\bar and \\overline , and \\vec and \\overrightarrow$ \\overrightarrow{}$ and .For dots, as in , use \\dot and \\ddot.

15.Special characters used for MathJax interpreting can be escaped using the \\ character: \\$$ $$, \\{ , \\_ etc. If you want \\ itself , you should use \\backslash , because \\\\ is for a new line.

16.Named colors are browser-dependent; if a browser doesn’t know a particular color name, it may render the text as black. The following colors are standard in HTML4 and CSS2 and should be interpreted the same by most browsers: \\color{red}{text} or use #rgb text

1.2矩阵与数组

1.Use $$\\begin{matrix}…\\end{matrix}$$ In between the \\begin and \\end, put the matrix elements. End each matrix row with \\\\, and separate matrix elements with &. For example,

$$ \\begin{matrix} 1 & x & x^2 \\\\ 1 & y & y^2 \\\\ 1 & z & Z^2 \\\\ \\end{matrix} $$

produce:$$\\begin{matrix} 1 & x & x^2 \\ 1 & y & y^2 \\ 1 & z & Z^2 \\ \\end{matrix}$$MathJax will adjust the sizes of the rows and columns so that everything fits.

2.TO add brackets,either use \\left...\\rightas in section 6 of the tutorial, or replace matrix with pmatrix,bmatrix,Bmatrix,vmatrix,Vmatrix.

3.Usecdots\\ddotsvdots when you want to omit some of the entries:

$$.

4.For horizontally “augmented” matrices, put parentheses or brackets around a suitably-formatted table; see arrays below for details. Here is an example:

$$ \\left[ \\begin{array} {cc|c} 1&2&3\\\\ 4&5&6 \\end{array} \\right] $$

$$\\left[ \\begin{array} {cc|c} 1&2&3\\ 4&5&6 \\end{array}\\right]$$

5.For vertically “augmented” matrices, use \\hline. For example

$$ \\begin{pmatrix} a & b\\\\ c & d\\\\ \\hline 1 & 0\\\\ 0 & 1 \\end{pmatrix} $$

$$\\begin{pmatrix} a & b\\ c & d\\ \\hline 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \\end{pmatrix}$$

6.数组

It is often easier to read tables formatted in MathJax rather than plain text or a fixed width font. Arrays and tables are created with the array environment. Just after \\begin{array} the format of each column should be listed, use c for a center aligned column, r for right aligned, l for left aligned and a | for a vertical line. Just as with matrices, cells are separated with & and rows are broken using \\\\. A horizontal line spanning the array can be placed before the current line with \\hline.

For example,

\\begin{array} {{c|lcr}} n & \\text{Left} &\\text{Center}&\\text{Right} \\\\ \\hline 1&0.24 &1 & 125\\\\ 2 & -1 & 189 &-8\\\\ 3 & -20 & 2000 &1+10i \\end{array} 1.3方程（组）

1.Aligned equaltions

Often people want a series of equations where the equals signs are aligned. To get this, use \\begin{align}…\\end{align}. Each line should end with \\\\, and should contain an ampersand at the point to align at, typically immediately before the equals sign.

For example,$$\\begin{align}\\sqrt{37} &=\\sqrt{\\frac{73^2-1}{12^2}} \\&=\\sqrt{\\frac{73^2}{12^2}\\cdot\\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}}\\&=\\sqrt{\\frac{73^2}{12^2}}\\cdot\\sqrt{\\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}}\\&\\approx \\frac{73}{12} \\left ( 1-\\frac{1}{{2.73}^2}\\right)\\end{align}\\$$is produced by:

```\\begin{align}\\sqrt{37} &=\\sqrt{\\frac{73^2-1}{12^2}} \\\\begin{align}\\sqrt{37} &=\\sqrt{\\frac{73^2-1}{12^2}} \\&=\\sqrt{\\frac{73^2}{12^2}\\cdot\\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}}\\&=\\sqrt{\\frac{73^2}{12^2}}\\cdot\\sqrt{\\frac{73^2-1}{73^2}}\\&\\approx \\frac{73}{12} \\left ( 1-\\frac{1}{{2.73}^2}\\right)\\end{align}\\

1.2 Use `\\begin{cases}…\\end{cases}`. End each case with a `\\\\`, and use `&` before parts that should be aligned. For example, you get this: $ f(n) =\\begin{cases}n/2, & \\text{if $n$ is even} \\\\3n+1, & \\text{if $n$ is odd}\\end{cases}$ is produced by:

f(n) =\\begin{cases}n/2, & \\text{if is even} \\3n+1, & \\text{if is odd}\\end{cases}

The brace can be moved to the right: $$\\left.\\begin{array}{l}\\text{if $n$ is even:}&n/2\\\\\\text{if $n$ is odd:}&3n+1\\end{array}\\right\\}=f(n)$$ by writing this:

\\left.\\begin{array}{l}\\text{if is even:}&n/2\\\\text{if is odd:}&3n+1\\end{array}\\right}=f(n)

3.**multi-line equation**Multi-line equation is actually just one equation rather than several equations. So the correct environment is `aligned` instead of `align` $$\\begin{equation}\\begin{aligned}a &= b + c \\\\ &= d + e + f + g \\\\ &= h + i\\end{aligned}\\end{equation}\\tag{2}\\label{eq2}$$ Equation [(2)](math.meta.stackexchange/questions/5020/mathjax-basic-tutorial-and-quick-reference?page=1&tab=votes#mjx-eqn-eq2) is a multi-line equation. The code to produce equation [(2)](math.meta.stackexchange/questions/5020/mathjax-basic-tutorial-and-quick-reference?page=1&tab=votes#mjx-eqn-eq2) is

$$

$$```

.

4

三、markdown应用篇 3.1markdown 与博客【CSDN为例，支持数学公式，让您宝贵的时间只专注于学习】 3.2markdown与邮件【炫酷的邮件，亮瞎小伙伴的眼】 3.3 markdown 与微信公众号【不支持数学公式、不支持图片】 3.4 Rmarkdown【喝咖啡的时候就得到了美美的结果】四、markdown高级【插件的使用】

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