Python简单GUI程序示例

admin管理员组

文章数量:1794759

Python简单GUI程序示例

Python简单GUI程序示例

参考或取自网络，包括：一、记事本；二、简单画图；三、猜数游戏；四、视频播放器

一、记事本

源码

#python简易记事本 from tkinter import * from tkinter import messagebox from tkinter import filedialog import os filename='' #文件名，全局变量 def about(): messagebox.showinfo('提示','这是一个消框') def openFile(): global filename #使用全局变量 filename=filedialog.askopenfilename(defaultextension='.txt') #打开文件，默认扩展名是xtxt if filename=='': #如果没有选择 filename=None else: root.title('FileName:'+os.path.basename(filename)) #将文件名显示在标题栏中 textPad.delete(1.0,END) #删除文本框中原有内容 f=open(filename,'r',encoding='UTF-8') #获取文件中内容 textPad.insert(1.0,f.read()) #显示到文本框 f.close() def saveOtherFile(): global filename f=filedialog.asksaveasfilename(initialfile='未命名.txt',defaultextension='.txt') #保存文件 filename=f root.title('FileName:' + os.path.basename(filename)) fh=open(f,'w',encoding='UTF-8') #只写方式打开文件 msg=textPad.get(1.0,END) #从文本框中获取内容 fh.write(msg) fh.close() root=Tk() #设置菜单栏 root.title('记事本') root.geometry('500x500+100+100') #widthxheight+x+y menubar=Menu(root) root.config(menu=menubar) filemenu=Menu(menubar) #第一个菜单栏 filemenu.add_command(label='打开',accelerator='Ctrl+N',command=openFile) filemenu.add_command(label='保存',accelerator='Ctrl+T',command=saveOtherFile) menubar.add_cascade(label='文件',menu=filemenu) aboutmenu=Menu(menubar) aboutmenu.add_command(label='关于',accelerator='Ctrl+Y',command=about) menubar.add_cascade(label='帮助',menu=aboutmenu) status=Label(root,text='Ln20',bd=1,relief=SUNKEN,anchor=W) #底部状态栏 status.pack(side=BOTTOM,fill=X) lnlabel=Label(root,width=2,bg='antique white') #左边边界栏 lnlabel.pack(side=LEFT,fill=Y) textPad=Text(root,undo=True) #设置文本框 textPad.pack(expand=YES,fill=BOTH) scroll=Scrollbar(textPad) #右边进度条栏 textPad.config(yscrollcommand=scroll.set) scroll.config(command=textPad.yview) scroll.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y) root.mainloop()

运行效果：

二、简单画图

# 画图程序 import os import tkinter import tkinter.simpledialog import tkinter.colorchooser import tkinter.filedialog from PIL import Image from PIL import ImageGrab def openItem(): global img filename=tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename(title="Open",filetypes=[('Image','*.png *.gif')]) if filename: img=tkinter.PhotoImage(file=filename) canvas.create_image(400,300,image=img) def saveItem(): saveX=int(root.winfo_rootx()) saveY=int(root.winfo_rooty()) saveW=root.winfo_width() saveH=root.winfo_height() im=ImageGrab.grab((saveX,saveY,saveX+saveW,saveY+saveH)) filename=tkinter.filedialog.asksaveasfilename(title='Save',filetypes=[('Image','*.png *.gif')]) if not filename: return try: if filename[filename.index('.'):] in ['.png','.gif']==False: filename+='.png' except: filename+='.png' im.save(filename) def clearItem(): for i in canvas.find_all(): canvas.delete(i) def curveType(): penType.set(1) def lineType(): penType.set(2) def rectangleType(): penType.set(3) def textType(): global userText userText=tkinter.simpledialog.askstring(title="Please input your words", prompt='') penType.set(4) def eraseType(): penType.set(5) def chooseForeColor(): global foreColor foreColor=tkinter.colorchooser.askcolor()[1] def chooseBackColor(): global backColor backColor=tkinter.colorchooser.askcolor()[1] def onClickLeft(event): global userText canDraw.set(1) X.set(event.x) Y.set(event.y) if penType.get()==4: canvas.create_text(event.x,event.y,text=userText) def onMoveLeft(event): global lastPaint,foreColor,backColor if canDraw.get()==0: return if penType.get()==1: #绘制曲线 canvas.create_line(X.get(),Y.get(),event.x,event.y,fill=foreColor) X.set(event.x) Y.set(event.y) elif penType.get()==2: #绘制直线(预览) try: canvas.delete(lastPaint) except: pass lastPaint=canvas.create_line(X.get(),Y.get(),event.x,event.y,fill=foreColor) elif penType.get()==3: #绘制矩形(预览) try: canvas.delete(lastPaint) except: pass lastPaint=canvas.create_rectangle(X.get(),Y.get(),event.x,event.y,fill=backColor,outline=foreColor) elif penType.get()==5: #橡皮擦 canvas.create_rectangle(event.x-5,event.y-5,event.x+5,event.y+5,fill=backColor,outline=backColor) def onReleaseLeft(event): global lastPaint,foreColor,backColor lastPaint=0 if penType.get()==2: #抬起左键画直线 canvas.create_line(X.get(),Y.get(),event.x,event.y,fill=foreColor) elif penType.get()==3: #抬起左键就画矩形 canvas.create_rectangle(X.get(),Y.get(),event.x,event.y,fill=backColor,outline=foreColor) canDraw.set(0) def onReleaseRight(event): menu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root) root=tkinter.Tk() root.title("Paint") root.geometry("800x600+280+50") lastPaint=0 userText="" foreColor='black' backColor='white' X=tkinter.IntVar(value=0) Y=tkinter.IntVar(value=0) canDraw=tkinter.IntVar(value=0) #能否画图，1：能，0:不能 penType=tkinter.IntVar(value=1) #画笔类型，1：曲线，2：直线，3：矩形，4：文本，5：橡皮擦 menu=tkinter.Menu(root,tearoff=0) subMenu=tkinter.Menu(menu,tearoff=0) img=tkinter.PhotoImage() canvas=tkinter.Canvas(root,bg='white',width=800,height=600) canvas.create_image(800,600,image=img) menu.add_command(label='Open',command=openItem) menu.add_command(label='Save as',command=saveItem) menu.add_separator() subMenu.add_command(label='Curve',command=curveType) subMenu.add_command(label='Line',command=lineType) subMenu.add_command(label='Rectangle',command=rectangleType) subMenu.add_command(label='Text',command=textType) subMenu.add_command(label='Erase',command=eraseType) menu.add_cascade(label='Pen Type',menu=subMenu) menu.add_separator() menu.add_command(label='Foreground Color',command=chooseForeColor) menu.add_command(label='Bakckground Color',command=chooseBackColor) menu.add_separator() menu.add_command(label='Clear',command=clearItem) canvas.bind('<Button-1>', onClickLeft) canvas.bind('<B1-Motion>',onMoveLeft) canvas.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>',onReleaseLeft) canvas.bind('<ButtonRelease-3>',onReleaseRight) canvas.pack(fill=tkinter.BOTH,expand=tkinter.YES) root.mainloop()

 运行效果：

 三、猜数游戏

#猜数游戏 import tkinter import tkinter.messagebox from tkinter.simpledialog import askinteger import random def init(): entryNum['state'] = "disabled" btnConfirm['state'] = "disabled" def confirm(): global guessNum global count count[0] += 1 t = guessNum - int(varNum.get()) if(t == 0): # 猜对了 #tkinter.messagebox.showinfo(title="祝贺", message="你赢了！") count[1] += 1 btnConfirm['state'] = "disabled" mess2 = tkinter.Label(root,text="你赢了！猜的次数：" + str(count[0])).place(x=20, y=30, width=200, height=20) #显示标签 elif(t > 0): # 猜小了 #tkinter.messagebox.showinfo(title="提示", message="猜小了！") mess2 = tkinter.Label(root,text="猜小了" ).place(x=20, y=30, width=200, height=20) #显示标签 count[2] += 1 else: # 猜大了 #tkinter.messagebox.showinfo(title="提示", message="猜大了!") mess2 = tkinter.Label(root,text="猜大了" ).place(x=20, y=30, width=200, height=20) #显示标签 count[2] += 1 def startGuess(): global count global guessNum global minNum global maxNum guessNum = random.randint(minNum, maxNum) mess2 = tkinter.Label(root,text="范围：" +str(minNum)+"~"+str(maxNum)).place(x=20, y=30, width=200, height=20) #显示标签 print(guessNum) count = [0, 0, 0] entryNum['state'] = "normal" btnConfirm['state'] = "normal" def setProperty(): global minNum global maxNum while True: try: t = askinteger("设置最小值",'设置最小整数(>0)',initialvalue=1) if t != None: assert t>0 minNum=t break except: pass while True: try: t = askinteger("设置最大值",'设置最大整数(>'+str(minNum)+')',initialvalue=minNum+10) if t != None: assert t>minNum maxNum=t break except: pass changeNum() btnConfirm['state'] = "disabled" mess2 = tkinter.Label(root,text="范围：" +str(minNum)+"~"+str(maxNum)).place(x=20, y=30, width=200, height=20) #显示标签 def changeNum(): global guessNum global minNum global maxNum guessNum = random.randint(minNum, maxNum) def closeWindow(): global count #tkinter.messagebox.showinfo("成绩", "次数:" + str(count[0]) + " Right:" + str(count[1]) + " Wrong:" + str(count[2])) root.destroy() minNum = 1 maxNum = 100 guessNum = 0 count = [0, 0, 0] # 分别为：猜测次数，正确次数，错误次数 root = tkinter.Tk() root.title("Guess Number") root.resizable(False, False) root.geometry("400x100+480+320") mess = tkinter.Label(root, text="请输入一个整数：") mess.place(x=20, y=10, width=200, height=20) mess2 = tkinter.Label(root,text="提示").place(x=20, y=30, width=200, height=20) #显示标签 varNum = tkinter.StringVar(root, value='0') entryNum = tkinter.Entry(root, width=80, textvariable=varNum) entryNum.place(x=220, y=10, width=60, height=20) btnConfirm = tkinter.Button(root, text='确认', command=confirm) btnConfirm.place(x=290, y=10, width=70, height=20) #btnChange = tkinter.Button(root, text="更换数字", command=changeNum) #btnChange.place(x=20, y=50, width=90, height=20) btnStart = tkinter.Button(root, text='[重新]开始', command=startGuess) btnStart.place(x=210, y=50, width=70, height=20) btnSet = tkinter.Button(root, text='设置范围', command=setProperty) btnSet.place(x=125, y=50, width=70, height=20) init() root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", closeWindow) root.mainloop()

运行效果：

四、视频播放器

注意事项

1）需要使用pip安装Python扩展包（模块）PyQt5；

2）PyQt5 的多媒体模块QtMultimedia本身不提供任何的编码和解码功能，所以Qt的多媒体模块需要依赖平台（操作系统）支持那些编码和解码格式。  若想播放MP4等格式需要下载安装解码器K-Lite_Codec_Pack_1680_Basic.exe （下载地址www.codecguide/download_k-lite_codec_pack_basic.htm）

源码如下：

# from PyQt5.QtWidgets import * from PyQt5.QtMultimedia import * from PyQt5.QtGui import * from PyQt5.QtCore import * from PyQt5.QtMultimediaWidgets import QVideoWidget from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets import sys from PyQt5.QtCore import * from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QSlider from PyQt5.QtMultimediaWidgets import QVideoWidget from PyQt5.QtCore import * class myVideoWidget(QVideoWidget): doubleClickedItem = pyqtSignal(str) # 创建双击信号 def __init__(self, parent=None): super(QVideoWidget, self).__init__(parent) def mouseDoubleClickEvent(self, QMouseEvent): #双击事件 self.doubleClickedItem.emit("double clicked") class myVideoSlider(QSlider): ClickedValue = pyqtSignal(int) def __init__(self, father): super().__init__(Qt.Horizontal, father) def mousePressEvent(self, QMouseEvent): #单击事件 super().mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent) value = QMouseEvent.localPos().x() # self.setValue(int(value)/9) value = round(value/self.width()*self.maximum()) # 根据鼠标点击的位置和slider的长度算出百分比 self.ClickedValue.emit(value) class myMainWindow(QMainWindow): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.setupUi(self) def setupUi(self, MainWindow): MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow") MainWindow.resize(615, 404) self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow) self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget") self.gridLayout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.centralwidget) self.gridLayout.setObjectName("gridLayout") self.wgt_video = myVideoWidget(self.centralwidget) self.wgt_video.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(410, 200)) self.wgt_video.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(16777215, 16777215)) palette = QtGui.QPalette() brush = QtGui.QBrush(QtGui.QColor(255, 255, 255)) brush.setStyle(QtCore.Qt.SolidPattern) palette.setBrush(QtGui.QPalette.Active, QtGui.QPalette.Base, brush) brush = QtGui.QBrush(QtGui.QColor(0, 0, 0)) brush.setStyle(QtCore.Qt.SolidPattern) palette.setBrush(QtGui.QPalette.Active, QtGui.QPalette.Window, brush) brush = QtGui.QBrush(QtGui.QColor(255, 255, 255)) brush.setStyle(QtCore.Qt.SolidPattern) palette.setBrush(QtGui.QPalette.Inactive, QtGui.QPalette.Base, brush) brush = QtGui.QBrush(QtGui.QColor(0, 0, 0)) brush.setStyle(QtCore.Qt.SolidPattern) palette.setBrush(QtGui.QPalette.Inactive, QtGui.QPalette.Window, brush) brush = QtGui.QBrush(QtGui.QColor(0, 0, 0)) brush.setStyle(QtCore.Qt.SolidPattern) palette.setBrush(QtGui.QPalette.Disabled, QtGui.QPalette.Base, brush) brush = QtGui.QBrush(QtGui.QColor(0, 0, 0)) brush.setStyle(QtCore.Qt.SolidPattern) palette.setBrush(QtGui.QPalette.Disabled, QtGui.QPalette.Window, brush) self.wgt_video.setPalette(palette) self.wgt_video.setAutoFillBackground(True) self.wgt_video.setObjectName("wgt_video") self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.wgt_video, 0, 0, 1, 1) self.sld_video = myVideoSlider(self.centralwidget) self.sld_video.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(410, 0)) self.sld_video.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(16777215, 20)) self.sld_video.setMaximum(100) self.sld_video.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal) self.sld_video.setObjectName("sld_video") self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.sld_video, 1, 0, 1, 1) self.lab_video = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget) self.lab_video.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(16777215, 50)) self.lab_video.setObjectName("lab_video") self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.lab_video, 1, 1, 1, 1) self.splitter = QtWidgets.QSplitter(self.centralwidget) self.splitter.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal) self.splitter.setObjectName("splitter") self.btn_open = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.splitter) self.btn_open.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(100, 25)) self.btn_open.setObjectName("btn_open") self.btn_play = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.splitter) self.btn_play.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(100, 25)) self.btn_play.setObjectName("btn_play") self.btn_stop = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.splitter) self.btn_stop.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(100, 25)) self.btn_stop.setObjectName("btn_stop") self.sld_audio = QtWidgets.QSlider(self.splitter) self.sld_audio.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(100, 0)) self.sld_audio.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(150, 20)) self.sld_audio.setProperty("value", 99) self.sld_audio.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal) self.sld_audio.setObjectName("sld_audio") self.lab_audio = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.splitter) self.lab_audio.setObjectName("lab_audio") self.btn_cast = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.splitter) self.btn_cast.setObjectName("btn_cast") self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.splitter, 2, 0, 1, 1) MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget) self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow) self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 615, 23)) self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar") MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar) self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow) self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar") MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar) QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow) self.lab_video.setText("0%") self.btn_open.setText("打开视频文件") self.btn_play.setText("播放") self.btn_stop.setText("暂停") self.lab_audio.setText("volume:100%") self.btn_cast.setText("截图") self.sld_video_pressed=False #判断当前进度条识别否被鼠标点击 self.videoFullScreen = False # 判断当前widget是否全屏 self.videoFullScreenWidget = myVideoWidget() # 创建一个全屏的widget self.player = QMediaPlayer() self.player.setVideoOutput(self.wgt_video) # 视频播放输出的widget，就是上面定义的 self.btn_open.clicked.connect(self.openVideoFile) # 打开视频文件按钮 self.btn_play.clicked.connect(self.playVideo) # play self.btn_stop.clicked.connect(self.pauseVideo) # pause self.btn_cast.clicked.connect(self.castVideo) # 视频截图 self.player.positionChanged.connect(self.changeSlide) # change Slide self.videoFullScreenWidget.doubleClickedItem.connect(self.videoDoubleClicked) #双击响应 self.wgt_video.doubleClickedItem.connect(self.videoDoubleClicked) #双击响应 self.sld_video.setTracking(False) self.sld_video.sliderReleased.connect(self.releaseSlider) self.sld_video.sliderPressed.connect(self.pressSlider) self.sld_video.sliderMoved.connect(self.moveSlider) # 进度条拖拽跳转 self.sld_video.ClickedValue.connect(self.clickedSlider) # 进度条点击跳转 self.sld_audio.valueChanged.connect(self.volumeChange) # 控制声音播放 self.btn_cast.hide() def castVideo(self): screen = QGuiApplication.primaryScreen() cast_jpg = './'+QDateTime.currentDateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh-mm-ss-zzz")+'.jpg' screen.grabWindow(self.wgt_video.winId()).save(cast_jpg) def volumeChange(self, position): volume= round(position/self.sld_audio.maximum()*100) print("vlume %f" %volume) self.player.setVolume(volume) self.lab_audio.setText("volume:"+str(volume)+"%") def clickedSlider(self, position): if self.player.duration() > 0: # 开始播放后才允许进行跳转 video_position = int((position / 100) * self.player.duration()) self.player.setPosition(video_position) self.lab_video.setText("%.2f%%" % position) else: self.sld_video.setValue(0) def moveSlider(self, position): self.sld_video_pressed = True if self.player.duration() > 0: # 开始播放后才允许进行跳转 video_position = int((position / 100) * self.player.duration()) self.player.setPosition(video_position) self.lab_video.setText("%.2f%%" % position) def pressSlider(self): self.sld_video_pressed = True print("pressed") def releaseSlider(self): self.sld_video_pressed = False def changeSlide(self, position): if not self.sld_video_pressed: # 进度条被鼠标点击时不更新 self.vidoeLength = self.player.duration()+0.1 self.sld_video.setValue(round((position/self.vidoeLength)*100)) self.lab_video.setText("%.2f%%" % ((position/self.vidoeLength)*100)) def openVideoFile(self): self.player.setMedia(QMediaContent(QFileDialog.getOpenFileUrl()[0])) # 选取视频文件 self.player.play() # 播放视频 print(self.player.availableMetaData()) def playVideo(self): self.player.play() def pauseVideo(self): self.player.pause() def videoDoubleClicked(self, text): if self.player.duration() > 0: # 开始播放后才允许进行全屏操作 if self.videoFullScreen: self.player.setVideoOutput(self.wgt_video) self.videoFullScreenWidget.hide() self.videoFullScreen = False else: self.videoFullScreenWidget.show() self.player.setVideoOutput(self.videoFullScreenWidget) self.videoFullScreenWidget.setFullScreen(1) self.videoFullScreen = True if __name__ == '__main__': app = QApplication(sys.argv) vieo_gui = myMainWindow() vieo_gui.show() sys.exit(app.exec_())

运行效果：

本文标签： 示例简单程序PythonGui